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【目的】本文旨在系统梳理燃煤机组绿氨掺烧技术的研究进展，分析其技术可行性、经济性与发展趋势，为该技术的工程应用与政策制定提供参考。【方法】本文采用文献综述与案例分析相结合的方法，系统归纳了国内外绿氨掺烧技术在实验室研究、中试试验及工业示范层面的发展现状。重点分析了氨煤共燃过程中的燃烧特性、NOx生成机制及其影响因素，包括掺烧比、当量比、煤种、燃烧器结构、空气分级策略等。同时，以630 MW燃煤机组为例，构建了度电燃料成本与度电成本的经济性分析模型，评估不同绿氨价格、碳交易价格及掺烧比例下的经济可行性。【结果】研究表明，绿氨掺烧技术已在多个国家实现从实验室到工业示范的跨越，日本在1 000 MW级机组上完成20%热值比掺烧试验，国内也在600 MW机组上完成10%掺烧验证。适量掺氨可提升燃烧效率，优化NOx排放，但高掺比下仍需解决火焰稳定性、氨逃逸及NOx控制等问题。经济性分析显示，当绿氨价格低于776.2元/t时，掺烧具备经济优势；若电价降至-0.02元/(kW·h)，绿氨成本可降至与煤炭相当。碳交易价格对高掺比项目的经济性影响显著，碳价上涨可有效对冲燃料成本压力。【结论】绿氨掺烧技术是实现煤电深度降碳的重要路径之一，目前已进入示范应用阶段，但仍面临燃烧控制、NOx排放、系统集成及绿氨成本等多重挑战。未来应聚焦于开发高效低氮燃烧技术、构建“电-氢-氨”协同系统、完善绿色产品认证与碳交易机制，以推动该技术的规模化应用与可持续发展。
Abstract：[Objective]This study aims to systematically review the research progress of green ammonia co-firing technology in coal-fired units, analyze its technical feasibility, economic viability, and development trends, thereby providing a reference for the engineering application and policy formulation of this technology. [Methods] This paper adopts a method combining literature review and case analysis to systematically summarize the development status of green ammonia co-firing technology both domestically and internationally, covering laboratory research, pilot-scale tests, and industrial demonstrations. The analysis focuses on the combustion characteristics, NOx formation mechanisms, and their influencing factors during the ammonia-coal co-combustion process, including the co-firing ratio, equivalence ratio, coal type, burner structure, and air-staging strategies. Concurrently, taking a 630 MW coal-fired unit as an example, an economic analysis model for the fuel cost per kW·h and the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE) was constructed to evaluate the economic feasibility under different green ammonia prices, carbon trading prices, and co-firing ratios.[Results] Research indicates that green ammonia co-firing technology has achieved a transition from laboratory studies to industrial demonstrations in several countries. Japan has completed a 20% thermal-based co-firing test in a 1000 MW unit, while domestically, 10% co-firing validation has been completed in a 600 MW unit. Moderate ammonia co-firing can enhance combustion efficiency and optimize NOx emissions. However, at high co-firing ratios, challenges such as flame stability, ammonia slip, and NOx control still need to be addressed. Economic analysis shows that co-firing offers an economic advantage when the green ammonia price is below 776.2 CNY/t. If the electricity price drops to-0.02 CNY/(kW·h), the cost of green ammonia can become comparable to that of coal. The carbon trading price has a significant impact on the economics of high co-firing ratio projects, with an increase in carbon price effectively offsetting the pressure of fuel costs.[Conclusion] Green ammonia co-firing technology is one of the important pathways for achieving deep decarbonization of coal-fired power generation. It has currently entered the demonstration and application stage, but still faces multiple challenges, including combustion control, NOx emissions, system integration, and the high cost of green ammonia. Future efforts should focus on developing efficient low-NOx combustion technologies, constructing an integrated "power-hydrogen-ammonia" system, and improving green product certification and carbon trading mechanisms to promote the large-scale application and sustainable development of this technology.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.03.011
中图分类号:TM621;X773
引用信息:
[1]郭永超,徐浩,滕钧杰,等.燃煤机组掺氨燃烧降碳技术进展[J].电力科技与环保,2026,42(03):448-457.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.03.011.
基金信息:
中国华电集团科技项目（CHDKJ25-04-02-157）
2025-12-31
2025
2026-04-20
2026-04-20
2026
1
2026-06-15
2026-06-15