| 177 | 0 | 328 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
【目的】准确监测烟气汞排放浓度是推进燃煤电厂汞污染防治工作的核心环节。近年来中国现行监测方法存在的技术瓶颈日益凸显，成为制约燃煤电厂汞污染防治技术发展的关键因素。为加快构建中国烟气汞排放监测技术体系，【方法】基于公开文献、标准规范和多年技术实践经验，本文系统梳理了国内外燃煤电厂汞排放监测方法的发展现状、优势及不足，据此揭示了中国监测方法现存问题并提出优化路径。【结果】研究表明，在线监测法虽具备实时连续检测、快速精准分析的优势，但存在成本高昂、故障率高、溯源困难等缺陷，发达国家相关技术成熟度相对较高，而中国相关技术研究起步较晚且目前陷入停滞；手工监测法方面，国内外均已建立相应标准体系，其中美国通过湿化学法和固体吸附剂法的有机结合，实现了总汞与形态汞的较精准检测，相较之下，中国现行方法在汞形态捕集完整性、烟气条件适应性、采样规范完备性、检测结果准确性等方面存在显著不足，难以满足汞污染治理及汞环保税征管的技术支撑需求。【结论】建议着力从推进低成本高精度汞在线监测技术研发应用、系统改进现有手工监测法技术短板和加快健全监测标准体系等方面进行重点突破，全面提升中国燃煤电厂的汞排放监测技术水平。
Abstract：[Objective] Accurate monitoring of mercury emission concentration is the key to promoting prevention and control of mercury pollution from coal-fired power plants. In recent years, the technical bottlenecks of the existing monitoring methods in China have become more and more prominent, and have become the key factors restricting the development of mercury pollution prevention and control technology in coal-fired power plants. In order to speed up the construction of China's flue gas mercury emission monitoring technology system, [Methods] based on the open literature, standards and specifications, and years of technical experience, this paper systematically sorted out the current situation and advantages and disadvantages of the development of domestic and international mercury emission monitoring methods for coal-fired power plants, which reveals the existing problems of China's monitoring methods and puts forward the optimization path. [Results] The study shows that although the online monitoring method has the advantages of real-time continuous, fast and accurate, there are defects such as high cost, high failure rate and difficult traceability, and the maturity of the technology in developed countries is relatively high, while China's related technology research started late and is now at a standstill;as for the manual monitoring method, the corresponding standard system has been set up at home and abroad, among which the United States has realized a more accurate mercury emission monitoring of total mercury and speciation mercury through the organic combination of the wet chemical method and the solid adsorbent method. In contrast, the current methods in China have significant deficiencies in the integrity of mercury speciation capture, adaptability to flue gas conditions, completeness of sampling specifications, accuracy of detection results, etc., which are difficult to meet the technical support needs of mercury pollution control and mercury environmental protection tax collection and management. [Conclusion] Based on this, it is recommended to focus on breakthroughs in terms of promoting the research, development and application of low-cost and high-precision mercury online monitoring technology, systematically improving the technical shortcomings of the existing manual monitoring method, and accelerating the improvement of the monitoring standard system, so as to comprehensively improve the technical level of mercury emission monitoring of China's coal-fired power plants.
[1]JENSEN R R, KARKI S, SALEHFAR H. Artificial neural networkbased estimation of mercury speciation in combustion flue gases[J].Fuel Processing Technology, 2003, 3(6):451-462.
[2]UN Environment Programme. The minamata convention on mercury[EB/OL].(2013-11-22)[2025-04-28]. https://www. unep. org/resources/report/minamata-convention-mercury.
[3]中国电力企业联合会.中国电力行业年度发展报告2024[M].北京：中国建设科技出版社，2024.China Electricity Council. China power industry annual development report 2024[M]. Beijing:China Construction Science and Technology Press, 2024.
[4]国家环境保护部，国家质量监督检验检疫总局.火电厂大气污染物排放标准：GB13223—2011[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2011.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants:GB13223—2011[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2011.
[5]国家环境保护部.重点区域大气污染防治“十二五”规划[EB/OL].(2012-10-29)[2025-04-28]. https://www. mee. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201212/t20121205_243271.htm.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. The 12th Five-Year Plan for the prevention and control of air pollution in key areas[EB/OL].(2012-10-29)[2025-04-28].https://www. mee. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201212/t20121205_243271. htm.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.“十三五”生态环境保护规划[EB/OL].https://www. mee. gov. cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676583.shtml.The State Council of the People's Republic of China. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Ecological and Environmental Protection[EB/OL]. https://www. mee. gov. cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676583. shtml.
[7]韩立鹏.典型超低排放燃煤电站主要非常规污染物排放特征的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2022.HAN Lipeng. Research on discharge characterisitics of main nonconventional pollutants in typical ultra-low-emission coal-fired power plant[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2022.
[8]石志鹏，段伦博，黄治军. 1 000 MW超低排放机组Hg迁移特性[J].热力发电，2021,50(7):176-182.SHI Zhipeng, DUAN Lunbo, HUAN Zhijun.Migration characteristics of Hg from a 1 000 MW ultra-low emissioncoal-fired power plant[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(7):176-182.
[9]陈磊. 350 MW超低排放燃煤电厂汞排放特性试验研究[D].南京：东南大学，2019.CHEN Lei. Experimental study on mercury emission characteristics of a 350 MW ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant[D]. Nanjing:Southeast University, 2019.
[10]张翼，叶云云，顾永正，等. 1 000 MW超超临界燃煤机组汞排放特征[J].中国电机工程学报，2021, 41(20):7039-7046.ZHANG Yi, YE Yunyun, GU Yongzheng, et al. Emission characteristics of mercury in 1 000 MW Ultra-supercritical coalfired unit[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(20):7039-7046.
[11]董志涛.超低排放燃煤电厂汞排放特征及排放量估算研究[D].杭州：浙江大学，2020.DONG Zhitao. Study on mercury emission characteristics and estimation of ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2020.
[12]曹晓满，刘亚文，张军梅，等.超低排放燃煤电厂污染控制设备协同脱汞研究进展[J].洁净煤技术，2021, 27(5):98-105.CAO Xiaoman, LIU Yawen, ZHANG Junmei, et al. Research progress on collaborative mercury removal of pollution control equipment in ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2021, 27(5):98-105.
[13]苏军划，李超.国内燃煤电厂污染物控制装置的脱汞特性[J].华电技术，2018, 40(12):60-62+80.SU Junhua, LI Chao. Mercury removal characteristics of domestic coalfired power plant pollutant control device[J]. Huadian Technology,2018, 40(12):60-62+80.
[14]柴小康，黄国和，解玉磊，等.某燃煤超低排放机组非常规污染物脱除[J].环境工程学报，2020, 14(12):3480-3494.CHAI Xiaokang, HUANG Guohe, JIE Yulei, et al.Unconventional pollutant removal from a coal-fired ultra-low emission unit[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2020, 14(12):3480-3494.
[15]王妍艳，陶雷行，陆骏超，等.超低排放机组协同脱汞效益研究[J].电力与能源，2021,42(2):223-226+258.WANG Yanyan, TAO Leixing, LU Junchao, et al. Synergistic mercury removal efficiency of ultra-low emission units[J]. Power&Energy, 2021,42(2):223-226+258.
[16]高天，肖日宏，揣兴，等.大型循环流化床锅炉与煤粉炉汞排放特性研究[J].燃料化学学报，2022,50(3):275-282.GAO Tian, XIAO Rihong, CHUAI XING, et al. Study on mercury emission characteristics of circulating fluidized bed boiler and pulverized coal boiler[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2022, 50(3):275-282.
[17]高志刚，陈福春，王家伟，等. 600 MW褐煤机组烟气汞排放及灰特性研究[J].发电技术，2023,44(4):543-549.GAO Zhigang, CHEN Fuchuan, WANG Jiawei, et al. Study on mercury emissions and ash characteristics of 600 MW brown coalfired unit[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(4):543-549.
[18]张秀峰. 1 000 MW超超临界超低排放燃煤机组脱汞改造研究[D].徐州：中国矿业大学，2021.ZHANG Xiufeng. Study on modification of mercury removal of1000 MW ultra-supercritical ultra-low emission thermal power unit[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2021.
[19]郭静娟，刘松涛，张优，等.基于燃煤电厂超低排放的汞分布特性研究[J].中国环境监测，2020,36(1):55-59.GUO Jingjuan, LIU Songtao, ZHANG You, et al. Impacts of ultraow emission in coal-fired power plants on the distribution characteristics of mercury[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2020, 36(1):55-59.
[20]钟犁，肖平，江建忠，等.燃煤电厂大气汞排放监测方法分析及试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2012, 32(S1):158-163.ZHONG Li, XIAO Ping, JIANG Jianzhong, et al. Study on several measuring methods of mercury emission from coal-fired power plants[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(S1):158-163.
[21]陈晖晖.国内外燃煤电厂烟气汞排放标准及监测技术的比较研究[J].工业锅炉，2023(1):26-30.CHEN Huihui. Comparative study on flue gas mercury emission standard and monitoring technology of coal-fired power plants at home and abroad[J]. Industrial Boilers, 2023(1):26-30.
[22]傅成诚，刘荣，李文举，等.四种燃煤电厂大气汞排放监测方法比较研究[J].资源节约与环保，2016(8):24-25.FU Chengcheng, LIU Rong, LI Wenju, et al. Comparison of four monitoring methods for atmospheric mercury emissions from coalfired power plants[J]. Resources Economization&Environmental Protection, 2016(8):24-25.
[23]王晓梅.燃煤电厂大气汞排放监测试验分析[J].皮革制作与环保科技，2022, 3(3):30-31+34.WANG Xiaomei. Monitoring test and experimental analysis of atmospheric mercury emission in coal-fired power plants[J].Leather Manufacture and Environmental Technology, 2022, 3(3):30-31+34.
[24]马慧涛.燃煤电厂烟气总汞在线监测技术研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2015.MA Huitao. Research on total mercury in coal-fired power plant flue gas online monitoring technology[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2015.
[25]张翔.燃煤发电厂烟气汞检测及脱汞技术应用研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2016.ZHANG Xiang. Application and research of Hg detection and demercuration technology in flue gas of coal-fired power plants[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2016.
[26]李长朝.基于高温还原法和UV-DOAS的烟气总汞在线监测技术研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2017.LI Changchao.Research on total flue gas mercury online monitoring technology based on high temperature reduction and UV differential optical absorption spectroscopy[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2017.
[27]KEVIN C G, CHRISTOPHER J Z. Mercury transformation in coal combustion flue gas[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2000, 65-66:289-310.
[28]US EPA. Determination of total vapor phase mercury emissions from stationary sources(instrumental analyzer procedure):Method30A[S]. Washington, DC:US EPA,2017.
[29]ComitéEuropéen de Normalisation(CEN). Air quality-stationary source emissions-determination of total mercury:automated measuring systems:EN 14884:2005[S]. Brussels:CEN,2005.
[30]Japanese Industrial Standards Committee(JISC). Methods for determination of mercury in stack gas:JIS K0222:1997[S]. Tokyo:JISC, 1997.
[31]杨凯.固定污染源烟气汞监测技术与设备[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2012.YANG Kai. Technology and equipment for monitoring flue gas mercury from stationary sources[M]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press, 2012.
[32]张洁.燃煤电厂大气汞排放在线监测技术及应用[J].华电技术，2011, 33(7):72-76+82.ZHANG Jie. Online monitoring technology for mercury emission into air from coal-fired power plants and its application[J].Huadina Technology, 2011, 33(7):72-76+82.
[33]夏青.烟气中汞的现场监测技术：2015年现场检测仪器前沿技术研讨会论文集[C].北京：中国仪器仪表学会. 2015.XIA Qing. On-site monitoring of mercury in the flue gas:Proceedings of the 2015 workshop on advanced technology of field testing instruments[C]. Beijing:China Instrument and Control Scoiety. 2015.
[34]US EPA. Determination of metals emissions from stationary sources:Method 29[S]. Washington, DC:US EPA, 2017.
[35]American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM). Standard test method for elemental, oxidized, particle-bound and total mercury in flue gas generated from coal-fired stationary sources(ontario hydro method):D6784-16[S]. Pennsylvania:ASTM, 2016.
[36]US EPA. Determination of total vapor phase mercury emissions from coal-fired combustion sources using carbon sorbent traps:Method 30B[S]. Washington, DC:US EPA,2017.
[37]ComitéEuropéen de Normalisation(CEN). Air quality-stationary source emissions-manual method of determination of the concentration of total mercury:EN 13211:2001[S]. Brussels:CEN,2001.
[38]中华人民共和国环境保护部.固定污染源废气汞的测定冷原子吸收分光光度法(暂行)：HJ 543—2009[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2010.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. Stationary source emission-determination of mercury-cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry:HJ 543—2009[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2010.
[39]中华人民共和国环境保护部.固定污染源废气气态汞的测定活性炭吸附/热裂解原子吸收分光光度法：HJ 917—2017[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2017.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. Stationary source emission-determination of total gaseous mercury-carbon sorbent traps/thermal cracking atomic absorption spertrophotometric method[J].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2017.
[40]《空气和废气监测分析方法》编委会.空气和废气监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京：中国环境科学出版社, 2003.State Environmental Protection Administration of the People's Republic of China, Editorial Committee on Air and Exhaust Gas Monitoring and Analysis Methods. Methods for monitoring and analysis of air and exhaust gases[M].(4th edition supplement)Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2007:411.
[41]裴艳红，吕正忠，常素萍，等.微波消解-原子荧光分光光度法测定工业硫磺中的汞含量[J].石化技术，2024,31(11):43-45.PEI Yanhong, LYU Zhengzhong, CHANG Suping, et al.Determination of mercury content in industrial sulfur by microwave digestion atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2024, 31(11):43-45..
基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.05.004
中图分类号:X831;X773
引用信息:
[1]李小龙,罗军,刘剑锋,等.燃煤电厂烟气汞排放监测方法现状与探讨[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(05):727-737.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.05.004.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3701504)
2025-04-18
2025
2025-08-01
2025
1
2025-10-15
2025-10-15