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【目的】为了系统分析燃煤电厂耦合生物质发电技术的降碳潜力、污染物控制效果及技术经济性,探讨其发展现状、技术瓶颈及解决路径,为中国能源结构优化与绿色转型提供理论支持。【方法】通过文献调研与案例分析,梳理国内外燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术的主要模式,包括直接耦合、间接耦合和并联耦合,对比不同生物质燃料(农林废弃物、污泥、生活垃圾等)的燃烧特性与污染物排放规律,并基于实际工程数据评估其降碳效果。结合技术经济分析,总结掺烧比例限制、磨煤机出力不足、受热面腐蚀等方面的技术挑战与供应链不稳定、政策支持不足等产业问题,并提出优化策略。【结果】生物质耦合发电可显著降低CO2排放,并减少SO2与热力型NOx排放。但高比例掺烧受限于燃料预处理技术、设备改造和污染物控制。典型案例显示,英国Drax电厂通过专用燃烧器实现100%生物质发电,而中国华电十里泉等项目因生物质燃料成本波动被迫停运,凸显供应链与政策支持的短板。【结论】燃煤耦合生物质发电是低碳转型的有效途径,但需突破技术瓶颈,如开发大比例掺烧技术、优化燃烧系统;并完善产业生态,如构建稳定供应链、制定专项补贴政策等。未来应加强标准化建设、推广智能控制技术,并推动多源固废协同处置,以实现环境效益与经济效益的双重提升。
Abstract：[Objective] This study aims to systematically analyze the carbon reduction potential, pollutant control efficiency, and techno-economic performance of coal-fired power plants coupled with biomass power generation, while exploring their development status, technical bottlenecks, and solutions, thereby providing theoretical support for China' s energy structure optimization and green transition.[Methods] Through literature review and case studies, this research categorizes the main co-firing modes(direct, indirect, and parallel coupling) of coal-biomass power generation globally. It compares combustion characteristics and pollutant emission patterns of different biomass fuels(agricultural residues, sludge, municipal waste) and evaluates carbon reduction effects based on engineering data. Technical challenges(e.g., low blending ratios, mill output limitations, heating surface corrosion) and industrial barriers(e. g., unstable supply chains, insufficient policy incentives) are summarized, with optimization strategies proposed.[Results] Biomass co-firing significantly reduces CO2 emissions and lowers SO2 and NOx emissions. However, high-ratio blending is constrained by fuel pretreatment,torrefaction and pelletizing, equipment retrofitting,mill optimization, and pollutant control(dioxins, heavy metals). Case studies reveal that the UK' s Drax Power Station achieves 100% biomass combustion via dedicated burners, while China's Shiliquan project halted operations due to feedstock cost volatility, highlighting supply chain and policy deficiencies.[Conclusion] Coal-biomass coupled power generation is a viable pathway for low-carbon transition, yet requires breakthroughs in technical bottlenecks(e.g., high-ratio blending technologies, combustion system optimization) and industrial ecosystem improvement(e. g., stable supply chains, targeted subsidies). Future efforts should focus on standardization, intelligent control systems, and multi-source solid waste co-processing to maximize environmental and economic benefits.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.06.005
中图分类号:X773
引用信息:
[1]黄叶飞,刘砚欣,殷柳玲,等.燃煤电厂耦合生物质发电降碳技术的发展与展望[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(06):909-921.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.06.005.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52376116)