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【目的】碳捕集利用技术是实现CO2减排的关键性技术，但其规模化应用面临高能耗、高成本问题。碳捕集与原位电催化转化技术耦合可以实现协同效果，避免了捕获介质的再生和CO2的释放，提高能量效率且降低生产成本，为实现碳中和提供关键技术支撑。尽管这项技术前景广阔，但反应机理、捕获介质的选择等问题亟需深入探索。【方法】本文通过分析相关文献，介绍了碳捕集耦合原位电催化转化技术原理，系统梳理并总结了液固反应体系和气固反应体系的特性，重点分析了胺溶液等反应体系的研究进展，探讨反应体系的优缺点及关键技术挑战。【结果】研究表明，液固反应体系中，胺溶液体系在CO2捕集方面工艺成熟，但传质受限导致其电解性能不如传统电催化还原技术；碳酸(氢)盐溶液体系性能可媲美气相电解槽，但使用双极膜导致能耗高，下游处理难度大；氨基酸盐溶液体系具有高CO2吸收率、低蒸气压和O2耐受性，但研究报道有限；离子液体体系在环境条件下也能实现高效CO2转化，但传质受限，产物分离难度大、成本高。气固反应体系中，金属有机框架材料、共价有机框架材料等多孔纳米材料电极具有定向调控等优势，可实现直接吸附耦合原位电催化转化，但选择性不足、稳定性差等限制其工业应用。【结论】液固反应体系和气固反应体系各有优劣，需根据实际情况优选技术路线。未来应聚焦于筛选兼具捕获效率和电解性能的电解质或催化剂、电解槽设计以及复杂烟气环境下抗中毒催化剂研究，推动碳捕集和电催化转化的高效集成和规模化应用。
Abstract：[Objective] Carbon capture, utilization technology is a pivotal pathway for achieving CO2 emission reduction, yet its large-scale application is hindered by high energy consumption and costs. To address these challenges, the integrated carbon capture and in-situ electrocatalytic conversion technology has been proposed, which synergistically couples the two processes, avoids the regeneration of capture media and the release of CO2, improves energy efficiency, reduces production costs, and provides key technical support for carbon neutrality. Despite its promising potential, critical issues such as the reaction mechanism and the selection of capture media require in-depth investigation. [Methods] This article introduces the fundamental principles of integrated carbon capture and in-situ electrocatalytic conversion technology, systematically reviews and summarizes the characteristics of liquid-solid and gassolid reaction systems, with a focus on analyzing research progress in systems such as amine solutions, and discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and key technical challenges of these reaction systems. [Results] Studies show that in liquid-solid reaction systems, amine-based systems are mature in CO2 capture but suffer from mass transfer limitations, leading to inferior electrolysis performance compared to conventional electrocatalytic reduction technologies.(Bi)carbonate solution systems can rival the performance of gas-phase electrolyzers, but the use of bipolar membranes results in high energy consumption and difficulties in downstream processing. Amino acid salt systems exhibit high CO2 absorption rates, low vapor pressure, and oxygen tolerance, yet remain underexplored. Ionic liquid systems enable efficient CO2 conversion even under ambient conditions but face challenges such as mass transfer limitations, difficult product separation, and high costs. In gas-solid reaction systems, porous nanomaterials such as MOFs and COFs offer advantages including directional regulation and enable direct adsorption-coupled in-situ electrocatalytic conversion. However, their industrial application is limited by issues such as insufficient selectivity and poor stability.[Conclusion] The liquid-solid reaction system and the gas-solid reaction system have their own advantages and disadvantages. The technical route can be optimized according to the actual situation. Future efforts should focus on screening electrolytes or catalysts that balance capture efficiency and electrolysis performance, optimizing electrolyzer design, and developing poisoning-resistant catalysts for complex flue gas environments, so as to promote the efficient integration and scalable application of carbon capture and electrocatalytic conversion.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.01.001
中图分类号:X701
引用信息:
[1]熊卓,吴海龙,李强,等.碳捕集耦合原位电催化转化技术研究进展[J].电力科技与环保,2026,42(01):1-14.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.01.001.
基金信息:
湖北省中央引导地方科技发展项目（2024CSA088）; 武汉市特区计划项目（2024040701010042）; 华中科技大学交叉研究支持计划项目（2024JCYJ026）