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【目的】为提高粉煤灰的资源化利用率并降低其对环境的影响，本研究致力于将粉煤灰作为主要原料之一，制备地聚物复合材料（one-part fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites,OP-FRGC），并研究其力学性能。【方法】以粉煤灰、高炉矿渣等原材料为前驱体，分别掺入2%体积分数的聚乙烯（polyethylene,PE）、聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）和聚丙烯（polypropylene,PP）纤维，制备试件并对不同纤维增强的OP-FRGC进行静力学性能测试、抗冲击试验和裂缝扩展分析。【结果】掺入2%体积分数PE纤维的OP-FRGC(OP-FRGC-PE)的抗压强度、极限拉伸应变和拉伸强度分别可达49.49 MPa、6.87%和6.78 MPa，高于掺入2%体积分数PVA纤维的OP-FRGC-PVA(44.56 MPa、3.57%和5.94 MPa)以及掺入2%体积分数PP纤维的OP-FRGC-PP(39.91 MPa、1.14%和4.96 MPa)。在5、10和15 J能量的单次与累积冲击试验中，OP-FRGC-PE的最大冲击力为12 477.4 N，分别是OPFRGC-PVA的1.24倍和OP-FRGC-PP的1.43倍。此外，不同冲击能量和次数下的裂缝最大宽度与分形维数的计算数据表明，OP-FRGC-PE的最大裂缝宽度和分形维数均低于OP-FRGC-PVA和OP-FRGC-PP，这证明OP-FRGC-PE具有更小的塑性变形和较低的冲击损伤。【结论】掺入PE纤维的OP-FRGC相较于PVA和PP纤维体系在静力学性能、抗冲击性能及裂缝扩展控制方面表现出显著优势，使其在对韧性、耐久性和裂缝控制要求较高的工程领域中具备较为广阔应用潜力。
Abstract：[Objective] In order to improve the resource utilization rate of fly ash and reduce its impact on the environment, this study is devoted to using fly ash as one of the main raw materials to prepare one-part fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites(OP-FRGC) and study its mechanical properties. [Methods] Fly ash and blast furnace slag were used as precursors, with polyethylene(PE), polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), and polypropylene(PP) fibers incorporated at a 2% volume fraction. Specimens were prepared, and static mechanical tests, impact resistance evaluations, and crack propagation analyses were conducted on the fiber-reinforced OP-FRGC samples. [Results] OP-FRGC incorporating 2% volume fraction PE fibers(OP-FRGC-PE) demonstrated superior performance. It achieved a compressive strength of 49.49 MPa, an ultimate tensile strain of 6.87%, and a tensile strength of 6.78 MPa, surpassing the values obtained for OP-FRGC incorporating 2% volume fraction PVA fibers(OP-FRGC-PVA)(44.56 MPa, 3.57%, and 5.94 MPa) and OPFRGC incorporating 2% volume fraction PP fibers(OP-FRGC-PP)(39.91 MPa, 1.14%, and 4.96 MPa). In both single and repeated impact tests under energies of 5 J, 10 J, and 15 J, OP-FRGC-PE exhibited the highest maximum impact force(12,477.4 N), which was 1.24 times that of OP-FRGC-PVA and 1.43 times that of OP-FRGC-PP. Furthermore, the maximum crack width and fractal dimension calculated under different impact energies and cycles showed that OPFRGC-PE consistently exhibited lower maximum crack widths and fractal dimensions compared to OP-FRGC-PVA and OP-FRGC-PP, indicating reduced plastic deformation and lower impact damage. [Conclusion] Significant advantages are demonstrated by OP-FRGC-PE over PVA-and PP-reinforced systems in mechanical performance, impact resistance, and crack propagation control. These advantages indicate promising application prospects in engineering fields that demand high toughness, durability, and stringent crack control requirements.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.01.002
中图分类号:TB332;X705
引用信息:
[1]孙剑,占先春,李兵,等.粉煤灰制备地聚物复合材料低速冲击下力学性能[J].电力科技与环保,2026,42(01):15-24.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2026.01.002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3800903); 江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目(BK20231430)