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【目的】载氧体辅助燃烧(oxygen carrier aided combustion, OCAC)作为一种新型燃烧方式,能够通过活性床料来实现氧的动态存储与迁移,从而提升燃料转化效率并降低污染物排放,深入探讨OCAC技术在实际应用中面临的挑战,更好地指导研究和应用。【方法】本文综述流化床OCAC技术的研究进展,着重分析载氧体的理化特性,探讨其在提升燃烧效率、降低污染物排放方面的潜力,并展望其在实际应用中面临的挑战与发展方向。【结果】研究表明OCAC可有效抑制CO与未燃尽碳的排放,替代石英砂床料后,燃料的燃烧性能得到显著提升,烟气中NO浓度也大幅降低,同时具有一定的氧缓冲与稳定燃烧作用。在此基础上,研究者提出了OCAC与富氧燃烧相结合的策略,以进一步提升碳捕集效率和燃烧稳定性。作为应用最广泛的载氧体,铁基载氧体因其资源丰富、价格低廉和环境友好而受到广泛关注。但其循环使用过程中易发生烧结、磨损及反应活性衰退,限制了长期运行的经济性和反应器稳定性。已有研究尝试通过矿物改性、复合氧化物设计及助剂添加等方式改善其抗烧结性与反应性能,但仍需解决材料成本与寿命之间的平衡问题。【结论】总体而言,OCAC技术在燃烧效率提升和碳减排方面展现出良好潜力,但要实现大规模应用,还需建立系统的技术经济评价框架,量化载氧体寿命、补充成本与整体碳减排效益的关系;优化流化床反应器的气固耦合特性,提升运行稳定性;开发高循环稳定性的铁基复合载氧体,实现低成本与高性能的兼顾。未来,随着载氧体设计和反应器工艺的不断优化,OCAC技术有望在清洁高效燃烧与二氧化碳减排中发挥重要作用。
Abstract：[Objective]Oxygen carrier aided combustion(OCAC) represents an innovative combustion approach that enables dynamic oxygen storage and migration through active bed materials, thereby enhancing fuel conversion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. [Methods]This review examines research progress in fluidised bed OCAC technology, exploring its potential for improving combustion efficiency and lowering pollutant emissions, whilst analysing challenges encountered in practical applications and future development directions. [Results]Research indicates it effectively suppresses CO and unburned carbon emissions. Substituting quartz sand bed materials significantly improves fuel combustion performance and substantially reduces NO concentrations in flue gas, while also providing oxygen buffering and combustion stabilisation effects. Building upon this, researchers proposed integrating OCAC with oxygen-enriched combustion to further enhance carbon capture efficiency and combustion stability. As the most widely applied oxygen carrier, iron-based carriers have garnered significant attention due to their abundant resources, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, their susceptibility to sintering, wear, and reactivity decline during recycling limits long-term operational economics and reactor stability. Previous studies have attempted to improve sintering resistance and reactivity through mineral modification, composite oxide design, and additive incorporation. Nevertheless, balancing material cost with service life remains a challenge. [Conclusion]OCAC technology demonstrates promising potential for enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. However, achieving large-scale deployment requires establishing a systematic techno-economic evaluation framework to quantify the relationship between oxygen carrier lifespan, replenishment costs, and overall carbon reduction benefits, optimising gas-solid coupling characteristics in fluidised bed reactors to enhance operational stability and developing iron-based composite oxygen carriers with high cycle stability to achieve both low cost and high performance. In the future, with continuous optimisation of oxygen carrier design and reactor processes, OCAC technology is expected to play a significant role in clean, efficient combustion and carbon dioxide reduction.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.06.003
中图分类号:X701;TK229.66
引用信息:
[1]董伟,殷柳玲,曹希,等.流化床载氧体辅助燃烧技术研究进展[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(06):888-899.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.06.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52376116); 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX-0727)